0 HİSTORY OF INTERNET

The Internet had its roots during the 1960's as a project of the United States 

government's Department of Defense, to create a non-centralized network. This 

project was called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), 

created by the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency established in 1969 

to provide a secure and survivable communications network for organizations 

engaged in defense-related research. 

In order to make the network more global a new sophisticated and standard 

protocol was needed. They developed IP (Internet Protocol) technology which 

defined how electronic messages were packaged, addressed, and sent over the 

network. The standard protocol was invented in 1977 and was called TCP/IP 

(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP/IP allowed users to link 

various branches of other complex networks directly to the ARPANET, which soon 

came to be called the Internet.

Researchers and academics in other fields began to make use of the network, and 

eventually the National Science Foundation (NSF), which had created a similar and 

parallel network, called NSFNet, took over much of the TCP/IP technology from 

ARPANET and established a distributed network of networks capable of handling 

far greater traffic. In 1985, NSF began a program to establish Internet access 

across the United States. They created a backbone called the NSFNET and opened 

their doors to all educational facilities, academic researchers, government 

agencies, and international research organizations. By the 1990's the Internet 

experienced explosive growth. It is estimated that the number of computers 

connected to the Internet was doubling every year. 

Businesses rapidly realized that, by making effective use of the Internet they 

could tune their operations and offer new and better services to their customers, 

so they started spending vast amounts of money to develop and enhance the 

Internet. This generated violent competition among the communications carriers 

and hardware and software suppliers to meet this demand. The result is that 

bandwidth (i.e., the information carrying capacity of communications lines) on the 

Internet has increased tremendously and costs have dropped. It is widely believed 

that the Internet has played a significant role in the economic success. 

1.2 HİSTORY OF WORLD 

WİDE WEB 

The World Wide Web (WWW) allows computer users to position and view 

multimedia-based documents (i.e., documents with text, graphics, animations, 

audios and/or videos) on almost any subject. Even though the Internet was 

developed more than three decades ago, the introduction of the WWW was a 

relatively recent event. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European 

Laboratory for Particle Physics) developed the World Wide Web and several ommunication protocols that form the backbone of the WWW. 

The Internet and the World Wide Web will surely be listed among the most 

significant and profound creations of humankind. In the past, most computer 

applications ran on stand alone computers. (i.e., computers that were not 

connected to one another) Today’s applications can be written to communicate 

among the world’s hundreds of millions of computers. The Internet makes our 

work easier by mixing computing and communications technologies. It makes 

information immediately and conveniently accessible worldwide. It makes it 

possible for individuals and small businesses to get worldwide contact. 

In the last decade, the Internet and World Wide Web have altered the way people 

communicate, conduct business and manage their daily lives. They are changing 

the nature of the way business is done.